Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024): 1677-1691

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-15

Peranan Saiz Nanozarah Zink Oksida dalam Prestasi Pemangkinan Foto, Perencatan Bakteria dan Ketoksikan

(Role of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Size in Photocatalytic Performance, Bacterial Inhibition and Toxicity)

RAFIDAH ABD RAHMAN^1,*, CHIN HUA CHIA² & NOOR AZLINA MASDOR³

¹Agri-Nanotechnology Programme, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, GPO Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

²Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

³Post-Harvest Handling Programme, Industrial Crops Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, GPO Box 12301, 50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 11 February 2024/Accepted: 5 June 2024

Abstrak

Nanozarah zink oksida (ZnO NP) telah diubah suai melalui pengisaran bebola untuk mengkaji kesan saiz zarah pada sifat dan prestasi bahan. Pengisaran serbuk ZnO komersial selama 6 dan 12 jam telah menghasilkan ZnO NP dengan purata saiz antara 13.2-36.5 nm. Pelbagai teknik pencirian termasuk spektroskopi UV-Vis, XRD, FESEM, TEM dan analisis potensi Zeta telah digunakan untuk menentukan morfologi zarah nano, struktur hablur, kestabilan dan sifat optik. Aktiviti fotomangkin terhadap degradasi metilena biru adalah lebih rendah untuk ZnO NP yang dikisar berbanding dengan ZnO NP tulen di bawah sinaran UV. Ujian antibakteria menggunakan kaedah resapan cakera agar menunjukkan zon perencatan terbesar terhadap patogen tumbuhan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae untuk ZnO NP tulen pada 100 mg/mL diikuti dengan ZnO NP yang dikisar 6 jam dan 12 jam. Ujian ketoksikan embrio ikan zebra menunjukkan penurunan kemandirian, kadar penetasan, kadar degupan jantung dan peningkatan kecacatan morfologi dan kematian yang bergantung kepada dos dan masa apabila terdedah kepada sampel ZnO NP. Kajian ini menunjukkan ketoksikan ZnO NP terhadap embrio ikan zebra dan fotomangkin adalah bergantung kepada saiz walaupun ujian antibakteria tidak dipengaruhi oleh saiz ZnO NP. Penemuan ini menunjukkan kepentingan pengoptimuman saiz nanozarah untuk aplikasi yang dikehendaki.

Kata kunci: Pengisaran bebola; pengubahsuaian bahan nano; saiz zarah; zink oksida

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were modified via ball milling to investigate the effect of particle size on material properties and performance. Grinding of commercial ZnO powder for 6 and 12 h produced ZnO NPs with average sizes between 13.2-36.5 nm. Multiple characterization techniques including UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FESEM, TEM, and Zeta potential analysis were used to determine the nanoparticle morphology, crystal structure, stability, and optical properties. The photocatalytic activity against methylene blue degradation was lower for the milled ZnO NPs compared to pure ZnO NPs under UV irradiation. Antibacterial testing using the agar disc diffusion method demonstrated the largest inhibition zone against the plant pathogen Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae for pure ZnO NPs at 100 mg/mL, followed by 6 h and 12 h-milled ZnO NPs. Zebrafish embryo toxicity assays showed decreased viability, hatching rates, heart rates, and increased morphological defects and mortality in a dose- and time-dependent manner upon exposure to the ZnO NP samples. The study showed the size dependent ZnO NPs toxicity in zebrafish embryos and photocatalysis although antibacteria tests were unaffected by ZnO NPs’ size. The results highlight the importance of nanoparticle size optimization for intended applications.

Keywords: Ball mill; nanomaterial modification; particle size; zinc oxide

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*Corresponding author; email: arafidah@mardi.gov.my